PRINCIPLE: When an act which would otherwise be a certain offence, is not that offence, by reason of the youth, the want of maturity of understanding, the unsoundness of mind or the intoxication of the person doing that act, or by reason of any misconception on the part of that person, every person has the same right of private defence against that act which he would have if the act were that offence. FACTS: 'X', under the influence of madness, attempts to kill 'Y'.

PRINCIPLE: Nothing is an offence by reason that it causes, or that it is intended to cause, or that it is known to be likely to cause, any harm, if that harm is so slight that no person of ordinary sense and temper would complain of such harm. FACTS: 'X' takes a plain sheet of pa…

PRINCIPLE: Where a person fraudulently or erroneously represents that he is authorized to transfer certain immovable property and professes to transfer such property for consideration, such transfer shall, at the option of the transferee, operate on any interest which the transfe…

PRINCIPLE: 'Wrongful gain' is gain by unlawful means of property to which the person gaining is not legally entitled. 'Wrongful loss' is the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled. FACTS: 'X' takes away Y's watch out of Y's possession…

PRINCIPLE: Under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 a property must be transferred by one living person to another living person. The Act deals only with transfer of property between living persons. FACTS: 'X' wants to transfer his property to the presiding deity in a temple situ…

PRINCIPLE: When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done, (1) an illegal act, or (2) an act which is not illegal by illegal means, through such an agreement such persons are said to have been engaged in a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence. It is said that no c…

PRINCIPLE: Where there is transfer of ownership of one thing for the ownership of some other thing it is called exchange; while transfer of ownership for consideration of money is called sale, whereas, without consideration it becomes gift. FACTS: 'A' transfers his house worth Rs…

PRINCIPLE: Every person shall be liable to punishment under the Indian Penal Code and not otherwise for every act or omission contrary to the provisions of the Code of which he shall be guilty within the territory of India. In other words, the exercise of criminal jurisdiction de…

PRINCIPLE: One of the principles of natural justice Nemo judex in causa sua, which means that no one should be a judge in his Own cause. In other words, no person can judge a case in which he has an interest. FACTS: 'X', a member of the selection board for a government service, w…